Burner



Sept. 18, 1945. w. MORTON BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. l2 1942 y .mllz'amfljlforon @Mga Sept. 18, 1945. w. A. MoRToN BURNER -2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed NOV. l2, 1942 INVENTOR Wllz' zz/2A. Morton Patented Sept. 18, 1945 UNITED STATES "PATENT OFFICE BURNER William A. Morton. Mount Lebanon. Pa.. araignor, by mesne assignments. to f Union Mining Company of Allegany County, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Maryland Application November iz, i942.' serai No. 465,296

(ci. s- 1e) 6 Claims.

' quick-burning oxidizing llame or it may be a long slow-buming reducing or luminous flame depending upon the conditions imposed upon the fuel and air as they approach and reach the point of combustion. I provide improved and extremely simple and inexpensive means for controlling the character of a burner flame.

I provide a burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet and an air guide in the casing movable to one position in which it is operable to guide air from the air inlet toward the outlet generally parallel to the fuel passing toward the outlet and to another position in which it is operable to guide at least part of the air toward the'outlet generally transversely to the fuel passing toward the outlet. When all or substantially all of the air passing toward the outlet flows generally parallel to the fuel passing toward the outlet so that the air and fuel come in contact adjacent the outlet with little turbulence the resultant flame is a long slow-burning reducing or luminous flame. When, however, a substantial portion of the air passing toward the outlet flows generally transversely to the fuel passing toward the outlet the result is an admixture of such air and fuel with considerable turbulence, resulting in a relatively short quickburning oxidizing flame.

I preferably mount the air guide so as to be movable generally toward and away from the outlet. Preferably the air guide has one or more air passages therein 'extending generally parallel to.

the direction of flow of the fuel passing toward the outlet and normally at least some of the air -i'rom the air inlet passes through such passage or passages in the air guide on its way toward the outlet. Preferably the forward end or nose of the air guide is adapted to contact with the casing about the outlet so `that when the air guide is in its extreme forward position with its nose in contact with the casing about the outlet no air can pass from the air inlet to the outlet externally of ing. When, however, the air guide is somewhat retracted so that air may pass from the air inlet externally of the air guide between the nose of the air guide and the immediately adjacent por- 'tion of the casing toward the outlet and into contact with the fuel adjacent the outlet, such air, impinging against the stream of fuel at a substantial angle thereto, creates a turbulent condition resulting in a short quick-burning oxidizing flame. f

I also provide means for adapting in an extremely simple manner a burner primarily intended for burning gas for use as a liquid fuel burner. I preferably provide an air guide slidable toward and away from the burner outlet and having a bore of such size as to receive with a slidingV nt a gas nomle. When the burner is to be used for liquid fuel I apply a liquid fuel atomizer and nozzle, the liquid fuel nozzle extending within the fbore of the air guide and carrying externally a. member having about the same outside dimensions as a gas nomia adapted to have a sliding fit with said bore. kAlso the fuel inlet of the casing is preferably of such size as to receive a gas nozzle and means are preferably provided when the burner is to be used for liquid fuel for closing the fuel inlet about the liquid fuel atomizer and nozzle, Thus with very minor inexpensive changes the burner may be transformed from a gas burner into a liquid fuel burner,

Other details, objects andfadvantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description of certain present preferred embodiments of the invention proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown certain present preferred embodiments of the invention, in which Figure l is an end elevational view of a burner;

Figure 2 is a central vertical longitudinal crosssectional view of the burner shown in Figure l taken on the line II-II of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing a modified construction; and c Figure 4 is a vertical transverse cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 3 taken on the line IV-IV of that ligure.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, there is provided a burner having a casing 2 having an air inlet 3, a fuel inlet 4 and a combined ifuel'v and air outlet 5. In the form shown the fuel inlet 4 is coaxial with the outlet 5.' 'I'here is provided a fuel duct which in theA form shown in Figures l and 2 is a gas nozzle designated by reference numeral 8. The outside diameter of the gas nozzle 8 is such that the nozzle ilts snugly within and substantially seals the fuel inlet 4 of the casing 2. A set screw 'i in the casing is adapted to bear upon the .nozzle 8 to maintain it in desired adjusted position relatively to the casing. The nozzle may be adjusied axially relatively to the casing as indicated by the chain lines in Figure 2.

There is provided an air guide 8 which is disposed within the casing 2 and is slidable toward and away from the outlet 5. The air guide I is mounted upon and slidable relatively to the gas nozzle 8 as shown in Figure 2. It has a bore 9 of such size as to form a sliding nt with the outside of the nozzle 8. The air guide l also has a series of air passages l disposed generally about the nozzle 8 as shown in Figure 1 and adapted to guide air toward the outlet I in a direction senerally parallel to the axis of the nozzle G and hence generally parallel to the fuel flowing toward the outlet. i

The air guide 8 also has a frusto-conical nose portion Il adapted when the air guide is in the extreme forward or left-hand position as shown in Figure 2 to contact and substantially seal against a seat i 2 formed internally of the casing 2 about the outlet 5. A bolt il passes through a bore I4 in the casing 2 and has a reduced inner end II entering a bore i8 in a web portion I1 of the air guide 8. A nut IB is disposed within an opening i9 in the air guide and threaded upon the reduced end I of the bolt il so that longitudinal movement of the bolt il results in similar movement of the air guide 8. The bolt, and hence the air guide, is maintained in desired adjusted positions by a set screw 20 functioning similarly I to the set screw 1 above described.

The burner is adapted to be applied to any apindicated at 2l in Figure 2. When it is desired to provide a long slow-burning reducing or luminous flame the aid guide 8 is moved to the -extreme left-hand position as shown in Figure 2 where its conical nose ii seats against the seat I2 of the casing. When the air guide is in this position all of the air entering through the air inlet 3 passes downwardly and to the right viewing Figure 2 and thence from right to left through the air passages I0 in the air guide 8 toward the outlet 5. When the air guide is in such position the air passing toward the outlet flows substantially parallel to the fuel passing toward the outlet so that the air and fuel mix with little turbulence, resulting in a long slow-burning reducing or luminous flame. When. however, a relatively short quick-burning oxidizing flame is desired the air guide 8 is retracted from the position shown in full lines in Figure 2 to another position, as, for example, that indicated by dotted lines in Figure 2. With the air guide thus positioned part of the air entering the casing through the air inlet 3 flows. as above described, through the air passages i0 while another part of the air flows through the passage formed between the nose ii of the air guide and the seat i2 of the casing. Such nose Ii and seat I2 form an air passage which directs the air passing therethrough toward the outlet 5 in a direction generally transversely to the fuel passing toward the outlet through the nozzle 6. Such air impinges on the stream of fuel and such air as passes through the passages I0) in such manner as to create substantial turbulence adiacent'the ignition point, resulting in a relatively short quick-burning oxidizing flame. The character of the dame can be controlled by positioning the air guide l in various positions assente axially of the nozzle l, this being done by loosening the set screw 20 and moving the air guide by pulling or pushing the outer end of the bolt Il and then tightening' the set screw 20. The gas nozzle I may be similarly adjusted but ordinarily the nozzle is initially adjusted and then left in a i A preferred position. It is possible by' fully retracting the air guide I to cause all the air which enters through the air inlet l to pass through the passageway between the nose II of the air guide and the seat I2 of the casing, but it will seldom if ever be desired to do this. Ordinarily at least a portion of the air will pass through the passages iil in the air guide.

The structure shown in Figures 3 and 4 is the same as that shown in Figures 1 and 2 except that in kFigures 3 and 4 such structure has been adapted for the burning of liquid fuel, as, for example, oil. The gas nozzle B of Figures 1 and 2 has been removed and in its place there is shown in Figure 3 a liquid fuel atomizer 22 and nozzle 2l. The liquid fuel atomizer and nozzle are of considerably smaller outside dimensions than the gas nozzle 8. Disposed about the atomizer 22 is aging 2l adapted to ilt and close the fuel inlet 4. rvThe ring 24, together with the liquid fuel atomizer and nozzle carried thereby are adapted to be held in desired adjusted position by the set screw 1 in the same manner as such set. screw acts on the gas nozzle 6 in the structure shown in Figure 2. A set screw 25 is adapted to hold the ring 2l in place about the atomizer. such set screw of course being tightened before the atomung,

izer 22, nozzle 23' and ring 2l are introduced into thefuel inlet l.

' The liquid fuel nozzle 23 carries externally a member 28 having about the same outside diameter as the gas nozzle t of Figure 2 and adapted to have a sliding flt with the bore 9 of the air guide 8. Thev member 28 prevents the passage of air through the bore 9 of the air guide and assists in guiding the air guide within the casing. The member 28 is held in desired adjusted position on the nozzle 2l by a set screw 21.

No novelty is claimed for the specific form of atomizer and liquid fuel nozzle and these may be of standard construction. The liquid fuel may enter through a pipe 28'and the atomizing fluid through a pipe 29, the atomizing function being accomplished in well known manner.

The structure of Figures 3 and 4 operates in the same manner as that of Figures 1 and 2 so far as control of the air flow by the air guide il is concerned and the above description of the control of the air flow by the structure of Figures 1 and 2 applies also to the structure of Figures 3 and 4. Thus I have provided a burner of extremely simple and inexpensive construction which functions in an improved manner to con- 'trol the character of the flame and which can very simply and easily be converted from a gas burner to a' liquid fuel burner and vice versa.

While I have shown and described certain present preferred embodiments of the invention it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied lWithin the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, a fuel duc-t within which fuel is adapted to flow from the fuel inlet toward the outlet and an air guide surrounding the fuel duct and movable generally toward and away from the outlet,

said guide having a series oi passages disposed about the fuel duct and generally parallel thereto for guiding air from the air inlet toward the outlet and also having a nose portion adapted -when the guide is in one position to contact the casing to prevent flow of air therebetween and adapted when the guide is in* another position to form with the casing a passageway extending at an angle to the axis of the fuel duct for passage of air from the air inlet toward the outlet.

2. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, an air guide slidable toward and away from the outlet, the air guide having a bore and air passage means generally parallel to the bore, a ring disposed within the fuel inlet adapted to receive and embrace a liquid fuel atomizer and nozzle with the nozzle extending within the bore of the air guide and a member adapted to embrace the nozzle and having a sliding fit within said bore.

3. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, a fuel duct within which fuel is adapted to flow from the fuel inlet toward the outlet and an air guide having an opening within which the fuel duct passes and movable generally towardand away from the outlet, said guide having means separate from said opening for guiding air from the air inlet toward the outlet generally parallel to the fuel duct, the end of said guide nearer the outlet being adapted when the guide is in one position to contact the casing to prevent substantial ilow of air between the casing and said end of the guide and adapted when the guide is in another position to be spaced from the casing to perinit flow of air between the casing and said end of the guide toward the outlet.

4. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, an air guide slidable toward land away from the outlet, the air guide having a bore and 5. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, a fuel duct within which fuel is adapted to flow from the fuel inlet toward the outlet and an air guide having an opening within which the fuel duct passes and movable generally toward and away from the outlet, said guide having means separate from said opening for guiding air from the air inlet toward the outlet generally parallel to the fuel duct, the endof said guide nearer the outlet being adapted when the guide is in one position to contact the casing to prevent substantial ilow of air between the casing and said end of the guide and adapted when the guide is in another position to be spaced from the casing to permit flow of air between the casing and said end of the guide toward the outlet, said guiding means being of such length in the direction generally parallel to the fuel duct that when said end of the guide is in contact with or close to the casing air is delivered therefrom with little turbulence and a long luminous llame is produced whereas when said end of the guide is spaced a considerable distance from the casing the air flowing between the casing and said end of the guide toward the outlet and meeting the fuel or fuel and air flowing toward the outlet creates a Arelatively turbulent condition resulting in a short non-luminous ame.

6. A burner comprising a casing having separate fuel and air inlets and a combined fuel and air outlet, a fuel duct within which fuel is adapted to ow from the fuel inlet toward the outlet and an air guide having an opening within which the fuel duct passes and movable generally toward and away from the outlet, saidl guide having means separate from said opening for guiding air from the air inlet toward the outlet generally parallel to the fuel duct, the end o f said guide nearer the outlet being adapted when the guide is in one position to contact the casing to prevent substantial flow of air between the casing and said end of the guide and adapted when the guide is in another position to be spaced from the casing to permit ow of air between the casing and said end of the guide toward the outlet, the fuel duct being positionable with its delivery end at various predetermined distances from the outlet.

WILLIAM A. MoRroN. 

